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According to Republic Act No. 7103 or “An Act to Strengthen the Iron and Steel and Promote Philippine Industrialization and for Other Purpose,” which was enacted in 1991, the iron and steel industry refers to the “preparation, smelting, crushing, soaking, blooming, slabbing, melting, firing, rolling, casting, shaping, plating, galvanizing, and other processes involved in transforming raw materials (i.e., iron ore, coke, limestone, fluorspar, dolomite, and silica) into semi-finished products (i.e., ingots, slabs, blooms and billets) and/or semi-finished products into finished products (products in their final physical state, e.g., hot-rolled coils and, plates and sheets).”

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Mining
Mining is defined as the exploration, extraction, and processing of minerals such as coal, ore, crude, petroleum, and natural gas. Quarrying, on the other hand, is the extraction of building and monumental stone, clay, sand and gravel, guano gathering, and salt evaporation (National Statistics Office [NSO], 2008). The industry employs four stages, namely, exploration, development and construction, utilization and commercial operation, and decommissioning and final mining stage and rehabilitation (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2008).

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In an effort to reduce distortions to freer mobility of low-skilled labor, the World Bank’s KNOMAD (Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development) program has implemented this research project to collect migration cost data comparable across select migrant corridors to determine how much migrant workers pay to obtain foreign jobs and how migration costs vary across corridors. Results from this work will shed light on the amount and composition of worker-paid migration costs, identify cost items that can be reduced with appropriate policies and through cooperation among countries, and guide the global migration community in settling a global target to reduce migration costs.

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The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) provides training and education programs that benefit OFWs and their dependents. One such program is the Education for Development Scholarship Program (EDSP), which was implemented in 2004. From 2004 to 2013, a total of 380 beneficiaries graduated from this program. However, no convincing evidence of the results of the program, especially as regards its beneficiaries, is yet available. Thus, there exists a strong need to gather insights into how the program has contributed to the career development of it scholars so as to properly manage and direct the outcomes of future education and training programs.

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The Overseas Worker’s Welfare Administration (OWWA) Skills for Employment Scholarship Program (SESP) aims to pursue a paradigm shift in technical-vocational (tech-voc) training that is geared toward the development of highly skilled and more employable workers through career-enhancing courses for overall economic gain.

  1. Documenting Practices in Human Resource Development Planning
  2. Philippine Labor Market Factbook 2013-2015